CVE-2017-2636:Linux内核n_hdlc驱动模块本地提权漏洞

2017年3月7日，Linux内核再次爆出一个本地提权漏洞，Linux kernel < 4.10.1之前版本在drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c实现中存在竞争条件，可使本地用户设置HDLC行规则，提升其权限或造成拒绝服务。

Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 20:45:48 +0300
From: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@...ux.com>
To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com
Subject: Linux kernel: CVE-2017-2636: local privilege escalation flaw in
 n_hdlc

Hello!

This is an announcement of CVE-2017-2636, which is a race condition in
the n_hdlc Linux kernel driver (drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c). It can be exploited
to gain a local privilege escalation.

This driver provides HDLC serial line discipline and comes as a kernel module
in many Linux distributions, which have CONFIG_N_HDLC=m in the kernel config.

The bug was introduced on 22 June 2009:
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=be10eb7589337e5defbe214dae038a53dd21add8

My fix to the Linux kernel mainline was proposed on 28 February 2017 and
should be available soon. Please see the attachment.

I will publish my PoC exploit later, giving people some time to update
their systems.

I've found this bug investigating a suspicious kernel crash made by syzkaller
(https://github.com/google/syzkaller).

-- Bug details --

N_HDLC line discipline uses a self-made singly linked lists for data
buffers and has n_hdlc.tbuf pointer for buffer retransmitting after
an error. If sending of a data buffer is not successful, then its
address is saved in n_hdlc.tbuf and the next time n_hdlc_send_frames()
will try to resend it first of all.

But the commit be10eb7589337e5defbe214dae038a53dd21add8 ("tty: n_hdlc add
buffer flushing") introduced racy access to n_hdlc.tbuf.

After transmission error concurrent flush_tx_queue() and n_hdlc_send_frames()
can put a buffer pointed by n_hdlc.tbuf to tx_free_buf_list twice. That
causes an exploitable double free error in n_hdlc_release().

To fix the issue I used a standard kernel linked list protected by a spinlock
and got rid of n_hdlc.tbuf. In case of transmission error the current data
buffer is put after the head of tx_buf_list.

--

Kernel updates are ready, please update your systems.

Best regards,
Alexander Popov
Positive Technologies
https://www.ptsecurity.com

>From 1dea7a8061ad9212f4464464a80d0dcd477eceab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@...ux.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2017 19:28:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/1] tty: n_hdlc: get rid of racy n_hdlc.tbuf

Currently N_HDLC line discipline uses a self-made singly linked list for
data buffers and has n_hdlc.tbuf pointer for buffer retransmitting after
an error.

The commit be10eb7589337e5defbe214dae038a53dd21add8
("tty: n_hdlc add buffer flushing") introduced racy access to n_hdlc.tbuf.
After tx error concurrent flush_tx_queue() and n_hdlc_send_frames() can put
one data buffer to tx_free_buf_list twice. That causes double free in
n_hdlc_release().

Let's use standard kernel linked list and get rid of n_hdlc.tbuf:
in case of tx error put current data buffer after the head of tx_buf_list.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@...ux.com>
---
 drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c | 132 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c b/drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c
index eb27883..728c824 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/n_hdlc.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 #define DEFAULT_TX_BUF_COUNT 3
 
 struct n_hdlc_buf {
-	struct n_hdlc_buf *link;
+	struct list_head  list_item;
 	int		  count;
 	char		  buf[1];
 };
@@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ struct n_hdlc_buf {
 #define	N_HDLC_BUF_SIZE	(sizeof(struct n_hdlc_buf) + maxframe)
 
 struct n_hdlc_buf_list {
-	struct n_hdlc_buf *head;
-	struct n_hdlc_buf *tail;
+	struct list_head  list;
 	int		  count;
 	spinlock_t	  spinlock;
 };
@@ -136,7 +135,6 @@ struct n_hdlc_buf_list {
  * @backup_tty - TTY to use if tty gets closed
  * @tbusy - reentrancy flag for tx wakeup code
  * @woke_up - FIXME: describe this field
- * @tbuf - currently transmitting tx buffer
  * @tx_buf_list - list of pending transmit frame buffers
  * @rx_buf_list - list of received frame buffers
  * @tx_free_buf_list - list unused transmit frame buffers
@@ -149,7 +147,6 @@ struct n_hdlc {
 	struct tty_struct	*backup_tty;
 	int			tbusy;
 	int			woke_up;
-	struct n_hdlc_buf	*tbuf;
 	struct n_hdlc_buf_list	tx_buf_list;
 	struct n_hdlc_buf_list	rx_buf_list;
 	struct n_hdlc_buf_list	tx_free_buf_list;
@@ -159,6 +156,8 @@ struct n_hdlc {
 /*
  * HDLC buffer list manipulation functions
  */
+static void n_hdlc_buf_return(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *buf_list,
+						struct n_hdlc_buf *buf);
 static void n_hdlc_buf_put(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *list,
 			   struct n_hdlc_buf *buf);
 static struct n_hdlc_buf *n_hdlc_buf_get(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *list);
@@ -208,16 +207,9 @@ static void flush_tx_queue(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
 	struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc = tty2n_hdlc(tty);
 	struct n_hdlc_buf *buf;
-	unsigned long flags;
 
 	while ((buf = n_hdlc_buf_get(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list)))
 		n_hdlc_buf_put(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list, buf);
- 	spin_lock_irqsave(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock, flags);
-	if (n_hdlc->tbuf) {
-		n_hdlc_buf_put(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list, n_hdlc->tbuf);
-		n_hdlc->tbuf = NULL;
-	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock, flags);
 }
 
 static struct tty_ldisc_ops n_hdlc_ldisc = {
@@ -283,7 +275,6 @@ static void n_hdlc_release(struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc)
 		} else
 			break;
 	}
-	kfree(n_hdlc->tbuf);
 	kfree(n_hdlc);
 	
 }	/* end of n_hdlc_release() */
@@ -402,13 +393,7 @@ static void n_hdlc_send_frames(struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc, struct tty_struct *tty)
 	n_hdlc->woke_up = 0;
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock, flags);
 
-	/* get current transmit buffer or get new transmit */
-	/* buffer from list of pending transmit buffers */
-		
-	tbuf = n_hdlc->tbuf;
-	if (!tbuf)
-		tbuf = n_hdlc_buf_get(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list);
-		
+	tbuf = n_hdlc_buf_get(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list);
 	while (tbuf) {
 		if (debuglevel >= DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO)	
 			printk("%s(%d)sending frame %p, count=%d\n",
@@ -420,7 +405,7 @@ static void n_hdlc_send_frames(struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc, struct tty_struct *tty)
 
 		/* rollback was possible and has been done */
 		if (actual == -ERESTARTSYS) {
-			n_hdlc->tbuf = tbuf;
+			n_hdlc_buf_return(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list, tbuf);
 			break;
 		}
 		/* if transmit error, throw frame away by */
@@ -435,10 +420,7 @@ static void n_hdlc_send_frames(struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc, struct tty_struct *tty)
 					
 			/* free current transmit buffer */
 			n_hdlc_buf_put(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list, tbuf);
-			
-			/* this tx buffer is done */
-			n_hdlc->tbuf = NULL;
-			
+
 			/* wait up sleeping writers */
 			wake_up_interruptible(&tty->write_wait);
 	
@@ -448,10 +430,12 @@ static void n_hdlc_send_frames(struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc, struct tty_struct *tty)
 			if (debuglevel >= DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO)	
 				printk("%s(%d)frame %p pending\n",
 					__FILE__,__LINE__,tbuf);
-					
-			/* buffer not accepted by driver */
-			/* set this buffer as pending buffer */
-			n_hdlc->tbuf = tbuf;
+
+			/*
+			 * the buffer was not accepted by driver,
+			 * return it back into tx queue
+			 */
+			n_hdlc_buf_return(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list, tbuf);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -749,7 +733,8 @@ static int n_hdlc_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
 	int error = 0;
 	int count;
 	unsigned long flags;
-	
+	struct n_hdlc_buf *buf = NULL;
+
 	if (debuglevel >= DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO)	
 		printk("%s(%d)n_hdlc_tty_ioctl() called %d\n",
 			__FILE__,__LINE__,cmd);
@@ -763,8 +748,10 @@ static int n_hdlc_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
 		/* report count of read data available */
 		/* in next available frame (if any) */
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.spinlock,flags);
-		if (n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.head)
-			count = n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.head->count;
+		buf = list_first_entry_or_null(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.list,
+						struct n_hdlc_buf, list_item);
+		if (buf)
+			count = buf->count;
 		else
 			count = 0;
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.spinlock,flags);
@@ -776,8 +763,10 @@ static int n_hdlc_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
 		count = tty_chars_in_buffer(tty);
 		/* add size of next output frame in queue */
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock,flags);
-		if (n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.head)
-			count += n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.head->count;
+		buf = list_first_entry_or_null(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.list,
+						struct n_hdlc_buf, list_item);
+		if (buf)
+			count += buf->count;
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock,flags);
 		error = put_user(count, (int __user *)arg);
 		break;
@@ -825,14 +814,14 @@ static unsigned int n_hdlc_tty_poll(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *filp,
 		poll_wait(filp, &tty->write_wait, wait);
 
 		/* set bits for operations that won't block */
-		if (n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.head)
+		if (!list_empty(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.list))
 			mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;	/* readable */
 		if (test_bit(TTY_OTHER_CLOSED, &tty->flags))
 			mask |= POLLHUP;
 		if (tty_hung_up_p(filp))
 			mask |= POLLHUP;
 		if (!tty_is_writelocked(tty) &&
-				n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list.head)
+				!list_empty(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list.list))
 			mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;	/* writable */
 	}
 	return mask;
@@ -856,7 +845,12 @@ static struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc_alloc(void)
 	spin_lock_init(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list.spinlock);
 	spin_lock_init(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.spinlock);
 	spin_lock_init(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.spinlock);
-	
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n_hdlc->rx_free_buf_list.list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n_hdlc->tx_free_buf_list.list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n_hdlc->rx_buf_list.list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n_hdlc->tx_buf_list.list);
+
 	/* allocate free rx buffer list */
 	for(i=0;i<DEFAULT_RX_BUF_COUNT;i++) {
 		buf = kmalloc(N_HDLC_BUF_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -884,53 +878,65 @@ static struct n_hdlc *n_hdlc_alloc(void)
 }	/* end of n_hdlc_alloc() */
 
 /**
+ * n_hdlc_buf_return - put the HDLC buffer after the head of the specified list
+ * @buf_list - pointer to the buffer list
+ * @buf - pointer to the buffer
+ */
+static void n_hdlc_buf_return(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *buf_list,
+						struct n_hdlc_buf *buf)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
+
+	list_add(&buf->list_item, &buf_list->list);
+	buf_list->count++;
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
+}
+
+/**
  * n_hdlc_buf_put - add specified HDLC buffer to tail of specified list
- * @list - pointer to buffer list
+ * @buf_list - pointer to buffer list
  * @buf	- pointer to buffer
  */
-static void n_hdlc_buf_put(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *list,
+static void n_hdlc_buf_put(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *buf_list,
 			   struct n_hdlc_buf *buf)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->spinlock,flags);
-	
-	buf->link=NULL;
-	if (list->tail)
-		list->tail->link = buf;
-	else
-		list->head = buf;
-	list->tail = buf;
-	(list->count)++;
-	
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->spinlock,flags);
-	
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
+
+	list_add_tail(&buf->list_item, &buf_list->list);
+	buf_list->count++;
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
 }	/* end of n_hdlc_buf_put() */
 
 /**
  * n_hdlc_buf_get - remove and return an HDLC buffer from list
- * @list - pointer to HDLC buffer list
+ * @buf_list - pointer to HDLC buffer list
  * 
  * Remove and return an HDLC buffer from the head of the specified HDLC buffer
  * list.
  * Returns a pointer to HDLC buffer if available, otherwise %NULL.
  */
-static struct n_hdlc_buf* n_hdlc_buf_get(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *list)
+static struct n_hdlc_buf *n_hdlc_buf_get(struct n_hdlc_buf_list *buf_list)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct n_hdlc_buf *buf;
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->spinlock,flags);
-	
-	buf = list->head;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
+
+	buf = list_first_entry_or_null(&buf_list->list,
+						struct n_hdlc_buf, list_item);
 	if (buf) {
-		list->head = buf->link;
-		(list->count)--;
+		list_del(&buf->list_item);
+		buf_list->count--;
 	}
-	if (!list->head)
-		list->tail = NULL;
-	
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->spinlock,flags);
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&buf_list->spinlock, flags);
 	return buf;
-	
 }	/* end of n_hdlc_buf_get() */
 
 static char hdlc_banner[] __initdata =
-- 
2.7.4